مقامی۔ Risālpur Khyber Pak خبریں ، Pakistan

Interlinking Meta-Cognition with university's students academic achievements in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract

This study aims at investigating the association between metacognitive awareness and student’s

academic achievements. The study undertakes the objectives and hypotheses on Low, Average and

High achievers in addition to assess the effects of metacognition awareness level on student’s

academic achievement. Through multistage stratified random sampling, data was collected from 160

undergraduate students, studying in Department of Mathematics & Department of English in Abdul

Wali Khan University, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. Data was collected through Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) by schraw and Dennison(1994),CGPA of the students,self-developed objective

type subject test. Descriptive Statistics & statistical tests (Chi

square & Linear Regression) were

applied for data analyses. The results showed that metacognitive awareness had significant effect on

student’s academic achievement (CGPA) in Department of English whereas it was found to be

insignificant in Department of Mathematics. The study recommends an

introductory course on

Educational Psychology, which cater the metacognitive needs of the students. Moreover, research

studies are recommended in the subjects except English and Mathematics. The cultural difference of

the students, teachers, and locality

of the universities might be taken care of future perspective of

researchers.

Introduction

Learning is a continuous, rather complicated & cyclic process which plays important role in academic

development of learners (Dweck, 2002). Metacognition is a new emerging concept, which enable the

learner to be smart worker, not hard worker. Flavell in 1976 introduce a term meta-memory, which provided base for the introduction of metacognition in educational psychology(Baltaciand & Akpinar

2011; Kayashima et al., 2004;

Yore & Treagust, 2006). Metacognition is further elaborated

as know how about mental processes for learning & regulation of mental processes (Brown, 1987). It is the

capability through which students implicate cognitive processes in thinking & understanding about

and regulating their cognitive processes for the learning processes (Schraw & Dennison, 1994; Sungur & Senler, 2009). Meta-Cognition can be explained as the

knowledge about selection of appropriate strategies

for solving problems and fruitful learning. It actually gives information about when, how, why to use

any strategy for performing any learning task (Santrock, 2008).

It is generally assumed that students are not using metacognition consciously in their

academic as well as general tasks because metacognition is neither taught nor openly discussed

concept in the educational context in Pakistan. Metacognition enables the learner to be expert of their

own cognitive processes (evaluate, observe, monitor & regulate), which are important for learning. It

simply means that how, why and when they understand a concept as well as don‘t understand a

concept. According to research studies, significant association is found among Metacognition,

intelligence, and academic achievements (

Bağçeciet et al., 2011; Young & Fry, 2008; Dunning et al., 2003; Desoete & Roeyers, 2002; Kruger & Dunning, 1999;

Borkowski, Carr, & Pressely, 1987;

Sternberg, 1986a; Sternberg, 1984

). Meta-cognition is important

process for in

-depth involvement of

students in the learning process (Costa &Kellick, 2009). Highly strategic, Problem solver and good

predictors of own scores are those learners who are highly metacognitive aware (Artzt & Thomas, 1992; Garner & Alexander, 1989; Swanson, 1992). Researchers suggest metacognition as important

component for fruitful learning and high academic achievement

(Coutinho, 2007;

Flavell, 1985;

Taebee et al., 1998;

Zimmerman, 1990).

Awarded degrees after

completion and Cumulative

Grade Point Average (CGPA)

are mostly representative of

academic achievements

of individual student. In the current study, the Grade Point

Average (GPA) of individual stud

ents in previously completed semester‘s results were considered

their academic achievements.

The Govt. of Pakistan has focused on higher education and particularly

in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa over the last two decades, and to enhance the outcomes of higher education,

29 public sector universities have been instituted in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as per mentioned phases: before year

2000, from 2000 to 2009, & from 2009 to 2018. A total of

nineteen (19) state-owned universities were established In the 3rd phase. Abdul Wali Khan

University Mardan (AWKUM) is the only university in 3rd phase, wh

ich mothered five universities in

the province.

Therefore, it is considered that the academic parameters in this university will be more Up to date than

others. Hence, the present study explains understanding of metacognition

among the Students in the chosen subjects of Mathematics and English. Metacognition in these two areas is most effective process for best learning (Benito, 2000; Ceylan, & Harputlu,

2015; Karbalaei, 2011;

Schoenfeld, 2009; Wenden, 1998

) but above cited reports were content limited mostly in the relevant

subjects. Our study co-relates

the general awareness of metacognition versus academic achievements of students & investigates its

effects on student‘s academic achievements, with special focus on Low, Average, and High achievers, in the selected teaching departments in AWKUM.For one, the

following objectives have been developed to answer the effects of Meta-Cognition on students‘

academic achievement:

Objectives of the Study

To assess Meta-Cognitive Awareness

level of undergraduate students.



To investigate the effects of

Meta-Cognitive Awareness

level on students‘ academic

achievement.



To find association between

Meta-Cognitive Awareness

level and students‘ gender.



To find association between

Meta-Cognitive Awareness

level and High, Average and Low

achievers.

Hypotheses



There is relationship between Meta

-

Cognitive Awareness level and academic achievements of

stud

ents.



There is difference in Meta

-

Cognitive Awareness level

of female and male students.



There is difference in Meta

-

Cognitive Awareness level

of High, Average and Low achievers.

Discussion

Learning is a merely natural process which take place throughout the life, as an individual expose to

the Various events in his/her life. It is also time dependent process that means more exposure led to more learning. However, it depends on individual capabilities which a person has, that how much

he/she can learn from a single event in life. The knowledge of

metacognition and its appropriate

application could be helpful in minimizing the individual‘s differential learning. The proper utilization

of metacognitive strategies by subject tutors and respective students could lead to noteworthy impact

academic achievements of students. Our data exhibited that the students‘ academic achievements were

in direct relation to their metacognitive awareness. The previous reports were found in accordance to

the outcomes of department of English in our study (Coutinho, 2007,

Dunning et.al., 2003; Kodak& Boyacá

, 2010; Ndidiamaka, 2010; Pintrich & De Groot, 1990; Sperling et.al., 2002; Taebee et.al.,

1998; Young, Fry, & Jan, 2008). Furthermore, the student‘s data in Department of Mathematics

produced insignificant effect on academic achievements (CGPA) of students who were metacognitively aware. The previous reports (Cubukcu

, 2009; Mousoulides & Philippou, 2005) were in accordance to our findings.

Recommendations

For the purpose of improvement in achieving desired academic goa

ls, we recommend the following

points based on our data analysis and discussing it in light of related literature via Metacognitive

Knowledge and Metacognitive Self-regulation.

1.

Keeping in view the Metacognitive needs of students in both departments,

curriculum may

include an introductory course on Educational.

2.

For improvement of Critical Thinking among the students in both departments, Faculty

members might also be offered with refresher courses.

3.

Teachers may also be trained for enabling the students

on how to undertake self-questioning,

self-Assessment, self-regulation and thinking aloud during learning activities. If faculty in

both departments of AWKUM lack the skill in that, then they might arrange training sessions

for teaching faculty based on th

e recommended strategies of Metacognition Knowledge &

Self-regulation.

4.

Being the key target for learning, the students need to be evaluated by their tutors according

to the parameters discussed in the present research. The students, failing to comply with

the

discussed parameters might be provided with appropriate proper

counselling

and/or guidance

on the respective subject. The students

counselling

should be provided by the experts in the

University, if not available at the institution, then sessions migh

t be arranged on the monthly

basis for such students by inviting the experts from other Universities.

5.

Our data exhibited that the students tends to apply metacognitive strategies primarily for learn

by rote instead of conceptual learning and comprehension.

The tutors and counselling experts

must focus on realizing the students that understanding the information is primary to

memorizing, otherwise, it might lead them to be conceptually weak in the subject and unable

for further learning.

6.

Furthermore, the researchers need to evaluate the impact of application of metacognitive

strategies in the various subjects excluding Mathematics & English. Moreover, the cultural

diversity might be considered during future research regimes.

For detail study click on below link: https://doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss4-2020(239-246)

Awareness of Metacognition is one of new emerging and interesting concept in education psychology. It's introduction has a link with Flavel work and latter on giving the name metamemory to his new introduced concept.Its umbrella ⛱️ term covers two major components; Metacognitive knowledge and self-regulation which further have 8 minor components.

Ennui (boredom):

Many months have elapsed! And yeah alot of temps (time) has passed that we couldn't see lumiére (light) at the end of tunnel. We couldn't see a ray of espérer (hope). We often have had glimpse bitter memoirs. We couldn't have coup d' oeil (glance) a true and perfect union. I like to be a boring soul. Being boring is bit inquisitive. Because boredom is something which we could feel in high times. If you're a boring person then you might ask comme la craie et le fromage (like chalk and cheese ) queries alternatively. And its been cool and wacky. Sometimes it have been far-reaching but we might behave like contemplative. Asking queries about politique (politics) is normal but it depends on our interest which would require a profundity. Discussing political system of Pakistan would sometimes blow your mind. But being a high-five class citizen we have need of our elementary rights. It consists of روٹی , کپڑا , مکان , تبدیلی , ضروریات وغیرہ.

Being boredom is better. Sometimes we discuss different questions about education system of Pakistan. Personally I love to talk about education. It is something to be loved. It would enhance and would strengthen your mind. Cool. Our education system is not on fleek. But we and our government have to take major steps to improve our education-system. We know that we've political, economic and social challenges and we're facing it very bravely. Cool.

Maleeha

Hello Guys Assalam Alaikum

A man with 3 hearts. This Teacher is From the American continent, and he has given a Pakistani class free online courses for 3 months during the Covid-19.

ویڈیو پاکستان کی نہیں ہے.

یہ ویڈیو بنگلہ دیش کی ہے. جو اپریل/مئی 2020 کو سامنے آئی تھی. تب بنگلہ دیش کے علاقے فرید پور، دادپور بولمری میں ایک واقعہ سامنے آیا تھا جہاں دو فریقوں کے مابین لڑائی ہوئی اور اُس میں ایک شخص کو علاج کے دوران مار دیا گیا تھا. اِس ویڈیو کو غلط طریقے سے اُس کیس سے جوڑا گیا لیکن اِس ویڈیو کا اُس واقعے سے کوئی تعلق نہیں تھا.

حقیقت یہ ہے کہ یہ ویڈیو کسی کرونا وارڈ یا کرونا مریض کی نہیں ہے. اور نہ ہی اِس ویڈیو میں مریض کو مارا جا رہا ہے. بلکہ یہ ایک فرد(شاید بیٹا) کسی مریض کو زبردستی دوائی دینے کی کوشش کر رہا ہے. اگر ویڈیو کو بغور دیکھا جائے تو آپ کو علم ہوگا کہ کسی بھی پوائنٹ پر اِس شخص نے مریض کے گلے کو ہاتھ نہیں لگایا بلکہ ایک جگہ صاف واضح ہے کہ وہ مریض کو دوائی دینے کی کوشش کر رہا ہے.

نوٹ: یہ ویڈیو بنگلہ دیش سے نکل کر انڈیا میں وائرل ہوئی اور اب پاکستان میں گردش کر رہی ہے.

#MTJ1

سوشل میڈیا پر ایک قیمتی گاڑی کو محض نمبر پلیٹ کی وجہ سے مولانا طارق جمیل کے ساتھ منسوب کر کے جھوٹا پراپیگنڈہ کیا گیا.

مولانا طارق جمیل نے تردید کر دی:

ٹویٹ کا لنک:

https://twitter.com/TariqJamilOFCL/status/1377582938481647620?s=19

"Don't leave today's work for tomorrow"

It is a matter of years ago that there was wealthiest Chaudhry of a village. He used to eat all kinds of good food and wear good clothes. He also had many labours from whom he used to work in agriculture. It so happened that one day when Chaudhry went to the bazaar for some work, he saw some people praising a lawyer. The lawyer would tell a story of hundreds of rupees and explain a point of thousands of rupees. The thought came to his mind, let's go and hear something from the lawyer. Chaudhry Sahib went to the lawyer's house and asked him, "I have heard a lot of praise for your work. Please tell us something." I charge a rupee for telling one thing. Chaudhry's interest increased even more and he took fifteen ruppes out of his pocket and placed them in front of Lawyer. The Lawyer then wrote "Don't leave today's work for tomorrow" on a piece of paper and hand it over to Chaudhry.

When Chaudhry came back, the labourers had cut a lot of grain from the field. In the evening, they came to collect wages from Chaudhry Sahib. "The grain of the people is also lying outside and you have to deliver grain inside first", said Chaudhry. The labourers said that it is very late now and they are very tired. As soon as the sun rises in the morning, the grain will be delivered inside the house. "I have given a handsome amount of money to a lawyer for a saying that you don't put today's work for tomorrow", said Chaudhry. Therefore, you will keep the grain inside first. All the workers together delivered the grain inside the house and went home.

God willing, it rained heavily the same night and all the grain of the people was washed away in the water while Chaudhry's grain remained safe as it reached home.

Friends: This is also the principle of life. Those who do not leave today's work for tomorrow are the ones who are successful. Those who consider it good to do their work today. They do not see the day nor night. There is a passion to be, they want to tell the world and prove that if you work hard you will succeed, these great people dream big and have big thoughts and not just think and dream but They work day and night to fulfill them, they do not get tired, they do not admit defeat in front of the world like normal people, their failure is also their success. The success of such people becomes their destiny.

But unlike those who are accustomed to leaving today's work for tomorrow, they never succeed. They have no dreams and no destination to reach. They are in the world. Successful people are far behind in the race. Then the fate of such people is nothing but being pushed into the world.

Instead of taunting others or asking questions, ask yourself today. You are not the one who is used to leaving today's work for tomorrow. If so and you are not ready to get rid of this habit, then understand. Know that your step is also moving towards failure. And you will also start to be counted among the people who make a lot of plans but are not ready to implement them.

Finally, I shall say:

Learn something new

Create the urge to move forward

Make your dreams come true

Fulfil your dreams

Change yourself because if you change yourself then World will change.

My country is very strange. During Covid-19 ,everyone was worried especially about children education. Among them most worried were owner of private schools and most satisfied were teachers of Government schools.

Infomation minister Punjab, Pakistan ,Firdus Ashiq Awan is tremendous Fighter .she proved her bravey by giving a punch to male participant in live talk show. She likes playing male games like boxing and cricket. In a video she has been seen punching a boxing bag, when asked why you are punching this innocent bag she reiterated she is preparing for another talk show next week.

Corona virus is increasingly spreading in Pakistan,over 1500 cases are found in Pakistan of which 15 died 25 recovered 1490 are under treatment.