All publications of mairajkhan . کراچی , Pākistān

HEALTH

Ahsan iqbal

Regular preventive general wellbeing measures. Measures, for example, these have contributed significantly to the soundness of populaces and expansions in future. General wellbeing assumes a significant part in illness anticipation endeavors in both the creating scene and in created nations through neighborhood wellbeing frameworks and non-legislative associations. The World Health Organization (WHO) is the worldwide office that facilitates general Health , has been characterized as "the science and craft of forestalling infection", drawing out life and improving personal satisfaction through coordinated endeavors and educated decisions regarding society, associations (public and private), networks and people. Breaking down the determinants of soundness of a populace and the dangers it faces is the reason for public health.[2] general society can be as little as a small bunch of individuals or as extensive as a town or a whole city; on account of a pandemic it might include a few mainlands. The idea of wellbeing considers physical, mental, and social prosperity. Thusly, as per the World Health Organization, it isn't only the nonappearance of illness or sickness and all the more as of late, an asset for regular living. General wellbeing is an interdisciplinary field. For instance, the study of disease transmission, biostatistics, sociologies and the board of wellbeing administrations are largely important. Other significant sub-fields incorporate ecological wellbeing, local area wellbeing, conduct wellbeing, wellbeing financial aspects, public arrangement, emotional wellness, wellbeing training, wellbeing governmental issues, word related security, handicap, sex issues in wellbeing, and sexual and regenerative wellbeing.

Foundation

Local area wellbeing laborers

The focal point of a general wellbeing intercession is to forestall and relieve sicknesses, wounds and other ailments through observation of cases and the advancement of sound practices, networks and conditions. Numerous sicknesses are preventable through basic, nonmedical strategies. For instance, research has indicated that the straightforward demonstration of handwashing with cleanser can forestall the spread of numerous infectious illnesses. In different cases, treating an infection or controlling a microbe can be imperative to forestalling its spread to other people, either during a flare-up of irresistible illness or through pollution of food or water supplies. General wellbeing interchanges programs, immunization projects and dissemination of condoms are instances of and follows up on worldwide general medical problems. Most nations have their own legislative general wellbeing organization, regularly called the service of wellbeing, with obligation regarding homegrown medical problems.

In the United States, state and neighborhood wellbeing divisions are on the bleeding edge of general wellbeing activities. Notwithstanding their public obligations, the United States Public Health Service (PHS), drove by the Surgeon General of the United States, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, settled in Atlanta, are additionally associated with global wellbeing exercises. Most governments perceive the significance of general wellbeing programs in lessening the occurrence of sickness, inability, and the impacts of maturing and other physical and psychological wellness conditions. Be that as it may, general wellbeing by and large gets essentially less government financing contrasted and medication. Despite the fact that the joint effort of nearby wellbeing and government offices is viewed as best practice to improve general wellbeing, the bits of proof accessible to help this is restricted. General wellbeing programs giving inoculations have gained ground in advancing wellbeing, including the annihilation of smallpox, a sickness that tormented mankind for millennia. Three previous heads of the Global Smallpox Eradication Program perusing the news that smallpox had been worldwide destroyed, 1980

The World Health Organization (WHO) distinguishes center elements of general wellbeing programs including:

• providing initiative on issues basic to wellbeing and participating in organizations where joint activity is required;

• shaping an examination plan and animating the age, interpretation and dispersal of important information;

• setting standards and principles and advancing and checking their usage; Specifically, general wellbeing reconnaissance projects can:

• serve as an early notice framework for approaching general wellbeing crises;

report the effect of a mediation, or attempt The historical backdrop of general medical services shows the worldwide exertion to improve medical services for all.However, in current medication, genuine, quantifiable change has not been plainly seen, and pundits contend that this absence of progress is because of incapable techniques that are being executed. As contended by Paul E. Rancher, underlying mediations might actually have a huge effect, but then there are various issues regarding why this procedure presently can't seem to be joined into the wellbeing framework. One of the principle reasons that he proposes could be the way that doctors are not appropriately prepared to do underlying intercessions, implying that the ground level medical care experts can't execute these upgrades. While primary intercessions can not be the solitary zone for development, the absence of coordination between financial elements and medical care for poor people could be counterproductive, and wind up causing more prominent disparity between the medical services administrations got by the rich and by poor people. Except if medical services is not, at this point treated as a ware, worldwide general wellbeing will at last not be achieved.This being the situation, without changing the manner by which medical services is conveyed to the individuals who have less admittance to it, the all inclusive objective of general medical services can't be accomplished

Another motivation behind why quantifiable changes may not be seen in general wellbeing is on the grounds that organizations themselves may not gauge their projects' adequacy. Perrault et al.analyzed more than 4,000 distributed destinations from Community Health Improvement Plans (CHIPs) of 280 nearby authorize and non-certify general wellbeing offices in the U.S., and found that most of targets – around 66% – were centered around accomplishing organization yields (e.g., creating correspondence plans, introducing walkways, scattering information to the local area). Applications in medical services Just as looking to improve populace wellbeing through the execution of explicit populace level mediations, general wellbeing adds to clinical consideration by distinguishing and surveying populace needs for medical care administrations, including :

• Assessing current administrations and assessing whether they are meeting the goals of the medical services framework

• Ascertaining necessities as communicated by wellbeing experts, the general population and different partners

• Identifying the most suitable mediations

• Considering the impact on assets for proposed intercessions and evaluating their cost-viability.

Executing compelling improvement systems

To improve general wellbeing, one significant system is to advance present day medication and logical nonpartisanship to drive the general wellbeing strategy and mission, which is suggested by Armanda Solórzano, through a contextual investigation of the Rockefeller Foundation's hookworm crusade in Mexico during the 1920s. Soloranza contends that general wellbeing strategy can't concern just governmental issues or financial matters. Political concerns can lead government authorities to shroud the genuine quantities of individuals influenced by infection in their districts, for example, impending decisions. Thusly, logical impartiality in unveiling wellbeing strategy is basic; it can guarantee treatment needs are met paying little mind to political and monetary conditions. Another motivation behind why quantifiable changes may not be seen in general wellbeing is on the grounds that offices themselves may not gauge their projects' viability. Perrault et al.analyzed more than 4,000 distributed targets from Community Health Improvement Plans (CHIPs) of 280 neighborhood licensed and non-authorize general wellbeing organizations in the U.S., and found that most of goals – around 66% – were centered around accomplishing office yields (e.g., creating correspondence plans, introducing walkways, spreading information to the local area). Roughly 33% zeroed in on looking for quantifiable changes in the populaces they serve (i.e., changing individuals' information, mentalities, practices). What this exploration exhibits is that if offices are just centered around achieving assignments (i.e., yields) and don't have an emphasis on estimating real changes in their populaces with the exercises they perform, it ought not be astounding when quantifiable changes are not revealed. Perrault et al.advocate for general wellbeing offices to work with those in the control of Health Communication to make goals that are quantifiable results, and to help organizations in creating instruments and techniques to have the option to follow more proximal changes in their objective populaces (e.g., information and demeanor moves) that might be affected by the exercises the offices are performing.

General Health 2.0

Government assistance, Public Health and Family Policy Area of the Flemish Government 2018

General Health 2.0 is a development inside general wellbeing that expects to make the field more available to the overall population and more client driven. The term is utilized in three detects. In the primary sense, "General Health 2.0" is like "Wellbeing 2.0" and depicts the manners by which customary general wellbeing specialists and foundations are connecting (or could contact) general society through web-based media and wellbeing sites.

In the subsequent sense, "General Health 2.0" portrays general wellbeing research that utilizes information assembled from interpersonal interaction destinations, internet searcher questions, mobile phones, or different advancements. A new model is the proposition of measurable structure that uses online client created content (from web-based media or internet searcher inquiries) to gauge the effect of a flu immunization crusade in the UK. In the third sense,

"General Health 2.0"

is utilized to portray general wellbeing exercises that are totally client driven. A model is the assortment and sharing of data about natural radiation levels after the March 2011 tidal wave in Japan. In all cases, Public Health 2.0 draws on thoughts from Web 2.0, for example, publicly supporting, data sharing, and client focused plan. While numerous person medical care suppliers have begun making their very own commitments to "General Health 2.0" through close to home sites, social profiles, and sites, other bigger associations, for example, the American Heart Association (AHA) and United Medical Education (UME), have a bigger group of representatives revolved around online driven wellbeing schooling, examination, and preparing. These private associations perceive the requirement for nothing and simple to get to wellbeing materials frequently assembling libraries of instructive articles.

Wellbeing help in agricultural nations :

Wellbeing help to agricultural nations is a significant wellspring of general wellbeing subsidizing for some non-industrial nations. Wellbeing help to agricultural nations has demonstrated a critical increment after World War II as worries over the spread of infection because of globalization expanded and the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa surfaced. From 1990 to 2010, all out wellbeing help from created nations expanded from 5.5 billion to 26.87 billion with affluent nations persistently giving billions of dollars consistently with the objective of improving populace wellbeing. A few endeavors, be that as it may, get a fundamentally bigger extent of assets, for example, HIV which got an increment in assets of over $6 billion somewhere in the range of 2000 and 2010 which was more than twice the expansion found in some other area during those years.Health help has seen an extension through numerous channels including private altruism, non-legislative associations, private establishments, for example, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, reciprocal contributors, and multilateral givers, for example, the World Bank or UNICEF. The outcome has been a sharp ascent in ungraceful and divided subsidizing of a steadily expanding number of activities and undertakings. To advance better essential collaboration and coordination between accomplices, especially among respective improvement offices and subsidizing associations, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) led the foundation of ESSENCE, an activity to encourage exchange between benefactors/funders, permitting them to distinguish cooperative energies. Pith unites a wide scope of subsidizing offices to organize financing endeavors.

The COVID-19 pandemic has featured how worldwide wellbeing security is dependent on all nations around the globe, including low-and center pay nations, having solid wellbeing frameworks and at any rate at least wellbeing research limits. In an article 2020 in Annals of Global Health, the ESSENCE bunch plot an instrument for audit of interest in wellbeing research limit working in low-and center pay nations. The survey instrument will give funders of exploration for wellbeing the data to distinguish the holes in limit that exist in low-and center pay nations and the chance to cooperate to address those incongruities. The general objective is expanded, facilitated backing of exploration on public wellbeing needs just as improved pandemic readiness in LMICs, and, in the long run, less nations with restricted wellbeing research limit..

Global wellbeing help discusses

Discussions exist scrutinizing the viability of global wellbeing help. Allies of help guarantee that wellbeing help from rich nations is essential all together for agricultural nations to get away from the destitution trap. Rivals of wellbeing help guarantee that global

UNEMPLOYMEMT DUE TO COVID-19

The word “unemployment” clearly tells us of an individual or pool of people who don’t possess any job and they are finding jobs to get hired at a company’s forum but they are unable to find any employment which generates a mass of people who are active yet they don’t have any source of earning through which we call the term unemployment.

Origin of unemployment:

The real root cause of the unemployment in any other country is the affection of economic criteria of the state which slows down and due to that impact it causes people to lose their jobs, businesses are forced to cut costs by reducing payroll expenses the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in higher unemployment rates than ever recorded in the past 5 years, Also another reason for unemployment is the competition with other companies and since technology is increasing in our lives so much that most of the manufacturing companies have fired their employees because 50% percent of the peoples work is now being performed by a single robotic mechanism. When that many people get unemployed the economy loses one of its major key of growth which allows the consumer to spend In simple words workers have less money to spend on their needs until they find new employment also lower consumer spending from unemployed workers reduces business revenue which then forces companies to cut more payroll and reduce their costs it becomes downward spiral very quickly, And those people who are long termed on unemployed don’t find a good job or related to their profession despite the laws of the companies of the age factor many find a part-time job or an entry-level job to make their needs. In other areas, unemployment is so much criticism that most of the people have taken the road of crime to meet their needs in one way or another even knowing their consequences they don’t look back because they are forced by this damaged system which is keep growing on this critical condition especially when their pandemic outbreak.

Types of unemployment:

Classical:

This type of unemployment occurs when wages for the job are kept above the market-clearing level which results to be more job seekers than the present vacancies.

Cyclical:

This occurs when there is no agreeable demand in the economy to provide jobs for everyone who wants to work. Demands for the merchandise decrease, less outcome is needed and fewer workers are needed.

Structural:

This especially occurs when the market does not have enough jobs for everyone who wants to work plus there is a mismatch of the skill set between the unemployed people and the skills required to work.

Frictional:

This occurs when the worker is moving from one job to another.

Hidden:

According to the market employment data, only those who are unemployed and are still looking for a job are on the list while the others who gave up are removed and don’t even considered under the category of unemployment

Long-term:

It is defined as those people who are unemployed and are lasting than one year.

Statistics of Pakistan unemployment:

According to the given data of more than the past 5 years, we can easily observe that how badly the unemployment rate has effected the economic market of Pakistan especially during the pandemic situation where the template of “Work from home” didn’t go the way it was supposed to be as compared to other countries. International fund (IMF) has increased its percentage projection for Pakistan to six .2 percent for 2020 against 6.1 percent in 2019. In the latest update to its World Economic Outlook, the IMF projected inflation in Pakistan at 13 percent for 2020 against 7.3 percent in 2019 and 3.9 percent in 2018.

In the latest reports, Pakistan's Population reached 211.17 million people in Jun 2019. In 2019, the percentage in Pakistan was at approximately 4.45 percent which slightly increased from 4.08 percent the previous year, and among other factors, it takes increase into account which increases in the labor force, as well as the age of the population. A high unemployment rate usually indicates economic troubles which generate fluctuation in the economics of the state which is the backbone of Pakistan.

Youth:

It is also being said that up to 2.3 million Pakistani youth are at big risk of being jobless due to the lockdown in order to contain COVID-19 outbreaks in a report it is also been said, “lockdown generation”.

In Pakistan youth unemployment rates are expected to reach at least double in a scenario of short COVID-19 containment, the report said according to ADB says that the job losses among youth may reach 14.8 million in 2020 in the 13 countries under the 6-month containment scenario and in the 6-month scenario, job losses for youth may equal to 2.3 million concentrations of youth is badly hit by sectors and lower labor productivity in Pakistan.

The finance ministry has just informed the Senate that because of the coronavirus pandemic it will result in an estimated 3 million people being unemployed and the poverty rate will surge to 33.5% and upon in a written reply submitted to the Upper House the ministry warned that the budget will deflect and increase to 9.34% due to the ongoing pandemic which has proven to be a setback for businesses around the globe.

The ministry also stated that out of the 3 million who could lose their jobs due to the pandemic a million from the industrial sector will be unemployed while the 2 million people will lose their jobs from the services sector & the rate of unemployment will rise from 24.3% to 33.5%. The rupee was also be devalued by 7.5% per month due to the coronavirus pandemic and on the other hand, the ministry also mentioned that the FBR revenue from April to June will fall between Rs 700 billion and Rs 900 billion it warned that the FBR’s tax revenue can decrease to Rs 3.9 trillion adding that the board’s tax target was Rs4.9 trillion. The fiscal deficit will increase from 7.5% to 9.5% the ministry told the senators adding that the virus will also hamper the country’s exports which are expected to reduce to $22.22 billion, Remittances from overseas workers will also be reduced by $2 billion and the budget deficit will increase to 9.4% according to the ministry of finance.

As we all are hit by the Covid-19 followed by social distancing and nationwide lockdown businesses are experiencing way more major impacts especially during this “second wave” of covid-19, No matter how established they are all of them having re-look how they manage and operate their business including pre-visualization of their business plan. It has become tougher for many businesses to stay their financial wheels turning during the lockdown period thanks to less revenue churn and therefore the general uncertainty within the global financial environment. Shopkeepers or small stage business holders who have never heard of E-market are now forced to know about it and somehow establish their place before the tables turn around. As the technology is also increasing day by day these small scale businessmen are now establishing their business via different platforms before they wipe out but even reaching these various platforms does not guarantee that it is the proper solution because just recently we have witnessed that how a well-known woman’s clothing brand fired their 450 employees without any hesitation in just one go. The government has announced strictly to everyone that they must follow the SOPs at any cost no matter where ever they are however the sad reality is that most of the people are not following the safety measures provided by the government in which the

government has the right to ban those specific places who didn’t keep this law and order by which “The Brand” is facing huge loss not just by how bad or good their product is by how the customers are coming without any safety measures in which its major breakdown for them. In the markets of Karachi at sadder and in Bolton market these local businessmen faced huge loss like never seen before and cannot be compared with the brands as there is no recovery, Those people who have heard about doing your business online and cash-free payments (doing everything online) is now becoming their reality and now it's not just their option but they must go in order to survive as everything is completely changed in this digital era.

Solutions:

In or der to deal with this crises Government of Pakistan has launched “Ehsaas Programs” in which the government will be providing assistance to all the citizens of Pakistan whether it’s big business or small but the main target will be small business not just that Government will be providing loans also for their stability, Banks of Pakistan have also launched their “KAROBAAR POLICY” in order to uplift the graph economy of the state.

Not only just that Banks are providing loans they are also providing loans for various different categories whether it’s for a car loan or small business.

At the meeting of the council, the government of Pakistan has launched one more program of its major policies. Under this program, direct cash support will be provided to up to 10 million households in the coming weeks this will be achieved by expanding monthly transfer received by beneficiaries of the Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) by 50 percent to Rs 3,000 per month for the next four months benefiting almost about 4.5 million households. Then about 3 million additional households will be identified via National Socio-Economic Registry (NSER) and given a cash transfer of Rs 3,000 per month for the next four months & Finally, the government will identify an additional 2.5 million households and verify them through the local district administration set up as soon as they are verified these households will be provided as financial support by the federal government.

And additionally, the govt has also announced support funds for businesses that include Rs 100 billion in tax refunds and a further Rs 100 billion in deferred interest payments as mentioned above.

Upon a brief survey round the business holders and therefore the people, we were ready to collect their words which they could think are few ways so as to affect this bad time.

1. the primary thing to try to to so as to scale back the unemployment in Pakistan is to make a correct flowchart by the govt .

2. The education sector of the country should be managed and equal.

3. Similarly, other institutions should be opened so as to get more skills among the citizens for updated employment criteria.

4. The age retirement bar should be at 60 years so as to mention forward the youth.

5. With the removal of the energy crisis foreigners won't hesitate to take a position in Pakistan thus employment rate will increase.

6. More advanced agriculture sectors should be devolved.

Written by,

Arsalan Khalid

Karachi

Decoding Online Education

Written by,

Sadaf Khalid

Karachi

Online education. A concept of the corona age, giving this century the ultra-futuristic edge it needed. Now locked in the time capsule of digital media, recording analyzing, and counting every hour to every minute. A digital diary with endless information and data. In name of zoom and the internet,

In a fast-paced world, the world is changing rapidly but are we changing with it? Perhaps not. Perhaps someone so we cannot keep up with this at all.

Online education is a curveball in time. That renamed education. And as not only a witness but a part of this digital world. I see the problems behind the ultimate solution. In the online world we are nothing but IDs, roll no’s devoid of personalities. Empty avatars with no truth to our being. In a world, anyone can be anything and even pretend to be anything with ease. It’s what you project that you reflect.

Though this is a need for the post corona era. You cannot deny the reality of the pandemic. How it impacted life. Reshaped our realities. Most importantly why mankind is doing everything and anything. Reshaping the way they lived. For one reason only. To save their children, themselves, and their families. To protect them from the virus. The pandemic is the reality of our century now in front of our eyes. What we could do was accept it and be prepared. And hence we reshaped our education module. A zone dedicated to our children and future generations. To protect them. Keep them safe and educated we turned to zoom, Google classroom, Microsoft classroom, etc., and likewise when they were our salvation in digital code. The western world had found the ultimate solution.

But every coin has two sides and once flipped the eastern world was in tatters, except 1% of the people. Most to be confused. Wondering not of the online education. But how they would afford it. Most educational institutes then turned to a hybrid system of education. That is diving the groups in half and each attending on alternate days. But that was not as effective as we thought. The invisible enemy that is everywhere. Unseen was there among us. The cases were on a rise again. And then? We had to take a step back.

Turn back to a fully online world a safety net for us. Our educators and then we noticed a halt in the cases.

It’s the reality many are yet skeptical to accept. The reality is dark, cold, and confusing but acceptance is our answer.

The problems we faced are evident, undeniable, and need to be addressed. Not everyone can afford all the gargets, Laptops. Phones and wifi, in a poor country like Pakistan not everyone has gadgets that support these systems. Let alone proper internet, there are people everywhere, specifically in Pakistan. In the remote areas and villages. To the megacities. Yet some of these places don’t even have cell phone towers let alone internet.

But not just villages, megacities like Karachi, Lahore also suffer under this, there is no proper infrastructure of the city. My areas have no access to the internet and even if they do the internet is very bad with a very bad connection and countless errors. Resulting in hindering education rather than enabling it.

The issue of load shedding, a courtesy of KElectric cannot be ignored, or not mentioned. The main culprit. You have the internet, the wifi the phone but you cannot connect because the main element powering it, the electricity that will run your wifi device is not present. There is no power hence you cannot connect. And this issue is as real as day, people are missing classes, meetings, and fading as they aren’t available online. It's causing great loss and hardship.

People are investing in generators, ups, and other sustainable energy methods, which aren’t that fruitful when there is load shedding 12 hours a day. Students are falling behind in assignments, unable to submit them on time. And more. Most to all have frozen their semesters or pulled their children out of schools. Hoping for a day when education is physical again,

Adil,s case: Adil is a 7-year-old. His mother pulled him out of the school and has decided to home school him till the pandemic is over. This is what she had to say “why did you cancel the admission? “Mother:” With his father’s salary now half we cannot afford the fee. We will get him a new admission when physical education is back “

Will we ever see a world back to as it was or is this our new reality now? Only time will tell

Zahid.s case, Zahid is a student in a government university, he was in his 4th semester “ do you prefer online education?” Zahid reply “ no I had to freeze my semester. I did not have the internet or a laptop to continue working online. I couldn’t understand lectures especially as we had labs in our engineering courses. And applied physics. I could not understand it online. My friends had to freeze our semester. We hope we will resume next semester”

We understand how hard it has been for everyone. Unable to understand how to run with the world. But we have no choice. It is either this or nothing. We cannot risk the lives, this was an unexpected turn of events. Something out of control and humanity is doing its best to keep up. Survive as we always have,

Are there any solutions to online education a vogue concept in our society?

The government has introduced CMS campus management system. To help with the online education and support the campuses. It’s increasing the administrative efficiency of the campus on the national level. But how is it affecting students? It’s a program far away from the reach of those who cannot access it with many bugs. But we know management is working to perfect it.

Online we are far away from our teachers, for some students with disabilities online education is a dead end. They face a great problem with limited access and countless boundaries. For online you can understand words but not emotions and these gifted children only communicate through sounds or actions. They don’t know how to use the technology. eLearning is especially hard for those with disabilities.

Same for kids in kindergarten. They don’t even know what their world is. Hence most kindergartens are closed and education has come to halt for them. There is salvation if they are being homeschooled.

Online education is unaffordable for many. Not to mention the heavy price tag of the fee that still remains. Despite the truth that the school s are closed saving them thousands in bills with no use of resources. Yet the students are paying the full fee. On top of that, each student is expected to have their own laptop and phone. Such is not possible especially in an underdeveloped country like Pakistan. A poor country that cannot afford any of this.

As students often we are asked the impossible. Given projects beyond overreach. Often such challenges make us stronger, yet in the world of the pandemic. With all the shops closing at 6 and the world silent at night. We cannot in cooperate much except work on projects in writing. With even group meetings in question. The online world is endless projects and assignments met on deadlines.

It's constant pressure on everyone. in the physical world, we would leave behind our worries of the campus at the campus as we went home. Now they are everywhere with us. It’s a nonstop process with no limit set in time. A physiological pressure where we cannot detach ourselves as easily as we would if it were physical classes.

This is one side of the coin, what’s the other? Most of all institutions have called a meeting and asked their teachers to teach online. Leaving their staff scratching their heads. Despite training sessions. Perhaps it’s the very acceptance of this medium of education and examination. Not every teacher knows how to teach online and not everyone has all the facilities to project a lecture through the new digital world. We are not a digitally advanced country. Hence when asked to accommodate we are at a loss.

How will the government help?

This is the online era, a new age and we cannot deny the fact. As every world and system needs rulers. Our new online world does too. We are so disorganized as students and institutes for we do not have the rules laws or the system. Hence in distortion. A world without foundations is bound to collapse, and before the crash, we can stable ourselves by enabling ourselves.

The government should put the taxes o people and invest in technology. The investment in free wifi for the people. Access to internet and phone connections. Provision of equipment on registration through campuses. So every student can access the education. Provision of electricity in all areas so students do not miss their classes.

The campuses can make laws, rules, and a cyber-security and law making cell. Responsible for monitoring online education. Making laws. Keeping cyberbullies in check and implementing punishments. Exposing them to others so they learn their lesson. The government should make the online world safe for us. Introduce a new ministry dedicated to online education. A proper system that caters to problems of the students and teachers, and provides them with the facilities and equipment and scholarships on the proper investigation.

With our state by our side can we stand tall in this new world and keep up with the pace of the world.

TERRORISM

Terrorism is the most important problem of the world many of the country destroy in the fire of terrorism they destroy their economy or also loss there country America fight last 20 year America lost their many solider in Afghanistan terrorism is a global war. Now a day terrorism is become most danger. there are many terrorist Groups ABU SAYYAF, ADEN –ABYAN ISLAMIC ARMY , AL-QAEDA, THERIK – TALBAN PAKISTAN ,ARMY OF ISLAM , HAMAS and many other groups are working now a days .

Terrorism war start in Afghanistan after an attack of September 9 /11 of world tread center 2996 people were lost their life and 25000 people were injured. After this attack America realizer to take action again war. In PAKISTAN the first terrorist attack held in 2001 in BAHAWALPUR second attack in KARACHI in 2002. Many PAKISTANIS lost there life after that PAKISTAN ARMY comes in action and launch an operation.

Operation RAH-E-HAQ was start in October 25 2007 against the terrorist group TTP (THERIK – TALBAN PAKISTAN) on 24 October 2007 3,000 Pakistani troop were sent to swat to fight with enemy on 25 heavy fight was start 17 solider and 13 civilian Fighting erupted in the hills with Taliban forces attacking military posts and the military attacking Taliban mountain hideouts. On 13 October army report to high command 130 militant fighter were killed on the 12 November 5,000 solider belong to 12th regular army were deployed to swat to bolster the already 15,000 Para – military and police that were already fighting to keep what ground of the district they still held. On 17 November 100 militant were killed in fighting. On 25 November Taliban force decide to leave Alpuri because of the huge Pakistan infantry troop were moving toward the area in swat 26 November tow top commander were kill in exchange of firing . on 27 November Pakistan army secure Shangla Pakistani forces had retaken the Shangla district, but pockets of Swat were still in the hands of the insurgents. By 27 November, Pakistani ground forces were not able to reach Matta, Khwazakhela, Charbagh and other sensitive areas occupied by militants The security forces concentrated on Imam Dehri, the native village of Maulana Fazlullah, and nearby Kuza Banda, Bara Banda and Nigwalai. Once fighting commenced, most insurgents retreated to nearby areas. The highest peak in the Kabal district was retaken and other recent gains were consolidated. In between, Pakistan Army launched various military operations to defeat the Taliban militants. Operation Rah-e-Haq-II was launched in July 2008 as the first infantry division was deployed . This time the military operation was led by both Air Force and Army. The operation was relied on both air power as well as heavy artillery. Soon the Taliban Forces, led by Faqir Mohammed, started playing havoc in Bajaur Agency. So the Army started Operation Sherdil.

The Army launched Operation Rah-e-Haq-III in January 2009 to secure the main supply lines and consolidate Swat District. Frontier Corps infantry troops provided help to four army infantry brigades. The last week of January saw intensive aerial and artillery bombing. The forces regained Mingora and were poised to push the Taliban out of the district when Sufi Muhammad was released and Shariah was introduced in Swat and Malakand. The government seemed confident of the outcome of the peace deal. However, it was later proved to be a setup by government to deceive Taliban.

When the situation went out of hand as predicted, the provincial government requested the center to ask the Army to provide help, built nation support across this phenomenon and evacuate almost 2 million civilians from Sawat Valley to conduct an all out operation against the Taliban.

In this operation captain mairaj shaheed or many other officer were laid down there life after that many operation were conduct by Pakistan army like operation RHA-E- RASTH or in 2014 when terrorist attack on APS (army public school ) in this operation 144 student laid down there life then Pakistan army launch a operation against a terrorist OPERATION ZARB-E-AZAB On June 15, the ongoing Pakistan Army operation "Operation Zarb-e-Azb" (Sharp Strike) completed its first year. The military operation is the first of its kind against the Islamist insurgents based in the North Waziristan district of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan. However, there have been previous operations elsewhere in FATA since Pakistan's first operation against al-Qaeda, Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and other foreign Islamist militant groups in the area in 2002. The current operation is intended to target al-Qaeda and its associated movements, both foreign and domestic, including the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), the Chechen Islamic Jihad Union (IJU) and Emirate-e-Kaukav, as well as the East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM) and other various factions of the TTP

The semi-autonomous FATA comprises seven districts (a.k.a. agencies), and North Waziristan is known for its rugged and rough terrain and inhospitable environment. Previous major military operations conducted in FATA's six other districts were Operation al-Mizan, Operation Zalzala, Operation Sher Dil, Operation Rah-e-Rast, Operation Rah-e-Haq and Operation Rah-e-Nijat. Despite some achievements, however, most of these operations were not fully successful. For years, consecutive Pakistani governments and military authorities avoided opening a new front against entrenched Islamist militants in North Waziristan, despite coming under intense pressure from the United States and other Western governments as many international terrorist plots had their origins in North Waziristan, particularly in camps associated with al-Qaeda and the TTP.

An example of this reluctance to enter North Waziristan came after Operation Rah-e-Nijat, the last major operation launched by Pakistan Army against the Islamist militants in FATA in 2009. This operation targeted TTP-controlled areas in South Waziristan. In 2011, the then Chief of Army Staff, General Ashfaq Pervez Kayani, was urged by the international community to also pursue on-the-run Islamist militants seeking refuge in North Waziristan. Lieutenant General Asif Yasin Malik, however, who was supervising operations in the area, told a group of reporters the same year: "We will undertake operations in North Waziristan when we want to... We will undertake such an operation when it is in our national interest militarily" (Dawn, June 1, 2011). The army also repeatedly said that it was overstretched and could not maintain its supply lines if it had expanded its military operation into North Waziristan.

Launching the Operation

The North Waziristan operation, after much ado, was finally launched on June 15, 2014, after it became clear to the government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif that the peace talks with the TTP were nowhere close to fruition, and that, despite the talks, the TTP had been conducting attacks in Pakistani cities. The Pakistani Army was also getting edgy as more and more military installations had been targeted by the TTP; in one particular strike, Lieutenant General Sanaullah Niazi, a three-star general involved in previous military operations against the TTP, had been assassinated by the group in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province near the Afghan border (News International, September 16, 2013). Another key event that triggered the military was the TTP's beheading of 23 captured soldiers from Pakistan's Frontier Corps in February 2014 (Dawn, February 18, 2014). The TTP further provoked the military by using Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) members to conduct an attack at the Jinnah International Terminal of Karachi Airport, which resulted in the killing of 28 airport security personnel (Dawn, June 9, 2014). Following the government's decision to take the offensive, the military launched airstrikes, and 30,000 troops marched into North Waziristan, where operations have since continued up to the present day.

Even after a year, it is difficult to gauge the success of Zarb-e-Azb, largely because figures provided to the public come from only one source, Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) of the Pakistani Army. There is no other reliable source of facts, and no independent media organization was allowed to embed with the army units fighting the Islamist militants in North Waziristan during the whole past year (aside from occasional tours organized by ISPR for select groups of journalists to show destroyed militant hideouts and captured weapons). That said, according to the official sources, the operation is a great success. For instance, according to the ISPR statement issued on the operation's first anniversary, the military has destroyed 837 militant hideouts in North Waziristan, recovered and destroyed 253 tons of explosives, captured 18,087 weapons, conducted 9,000 intelligence-based operations and killed 2,763 militants, at the cost of losing 347 officers and soldiers (Express Tribune, June 15).

One weakness of the operation has been the government's neglect to coordinate it with the government of neighboring Afghanistan. As a result, just as in many previous military operations when Islamist militants escaped by fleeing into North Waziristan district, this time they have sneaked into the relative safety of Afghanistan. For instance, according to one local news report, "at least 400 families affiliated with militant groups-including members of al-Qaeda and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan-crossed into Afghanistan in December and now live in the homes of locals in lawless parts of the country" (Express Tribune, January 30).Al-Qaeda and the TTP have a network of Islamist militant groups based in mainland Pakistan (four provinces and Islamabad Capital Territory), commonly known as "Punjabi Taliban." These groups are proscribed organizations under Pakistani laws, but still manage to operate under different names. Some of these include Harkat ul-Jihad-e-Islami (HuJI), Harkat ul-Mujahideen (HuM), Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ), Jaysh-e-Muhammad (JeM) and Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT).

In operation Zarb-e-azab many officers and solider there name are

· Lance Nik Zahid Hussain Shaheed

· Naib Subedar Alamgir Shaheed

· Sepoy Afsar Ali Shaheed

· Major Wasif Shaheed

· Captain Ajmal Shaheed

· Captain Mujahid Shaheed

· Captain Akash Rabbani Shaheed

· Lt.colonel Tahir Azeem Shaheed

· Major Zahid Iqbal Shaheed

And many of shaheed those how sacrifice there life in the defense of our sweet land

AT THE LAST IS SLUTE TO ALL THOSE OFFICER OR SOILDERS HOW LAID DOWN THERE LIFE

WE NEVER FORGET OUR SHAHEED OR SHAHEED OF APS STUDENTS

This all area was taken from TTP or other groups by Pakistan army